Explore Gansu's Largest Inland Lake and Bird Paradise
This is a travel guide to the Sugan Lake Wetland compiled for you.
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Sugan Lake Wetland Travel Guide: Explore Gansu's Largest Inland Lake and Bird Paradise
At the junction of Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang provinces, the meltwater from the southern slopes of the Altun Mountains quietly converges, nurturing two sparkling gems on the vast Haizi GrasslandโBig Sugan Lake and Small Sugan Lake. This is not a typical tourist destination but a hidden gem on the Northwest travel circuit often overlooked. The Sugan Lake Wetland covers a total area of **12,000 hectares**, making it not only **Gansu Province's largest inland lake** but also an important stopover on the Central Asian migratory bird route, known as the "**Bird Island of Gansu**." If you long to escape the hustle and bustle and have an intimate encounter with nature, grasslands, snow-capped mountains, and tens of thousands of migratory birds, keep this in-depth Sugan Lake travel guide handy.
1. Lake Overview: A Unique Salt and Freshwater Wetland
Sugan Lake actually consists of two lakes about 20 kilometers apart, like a pair of eyes gazing affectionately at the Altun Mountains.
- **Big Sugan Lake**: Located at the western end of Haizi Grassland, covering about 108 square kilometers, it is a saltwater lake. Its water mainly comes from the underground flow of the large and small Haerteng Rivers. The lake is deep and blue, with vast misty waves.
- **Small Sugan Lake**: Situated on the northern side of the basin, covering about 11.6 square kilometers, it is a freshwater lake. Surface water first flows into Small Sugan Lake, then overflows through waterways into Big Sugan Lake, creating this unique salt-freshwater symbiotic system.
The entire protected area lies between **2,795 and 2,810 meters** above sea level, composed of lakes, marshes, rivers, and the Haizi Grassland, forming a magnificent highland wetland ecosystem.
2. Best Time to Visit: Summer and Autumn to Meet Migratory Birds
Sugan Lakeโs beauty varies with the seasons, but the best time to visit is **summer and autumn (June to October)**.
- **Summer (June to August)**: At this time, the Haizi Grassland is lush and green, with wildflowers blooming in abundance. Cool breezes blow by the lakeside, and the temperature is comfortable, making it an excellent summer retreat. Herds of cattle and sheep roam the grassland, and the white yurts of Kazakh herders dot the landscape, full of life.
- **Early Autumn (September to October)**: This is the **most colorful season** at Sugan Lake. The wetland grasses start turning yellow and red, contrasting with the blue lake water and golden reeds, creating a picturesque scene like an oil painting. This is also when the largest number of migratory birds gather. Although large flocks of swans may not have arrived yet, many geese and ducks are present, and the lighting is perfect for photography.
Note that spring (April to May) and early winter (November) are the best times to see rare birds like the **whooper swan**. During migration seasons, up to **126 bird species and over 200,000 birds** rest here.
3. Highlights and Activities
**1. Birdwatching Paradise**
Sugan Lake is truly a bird loverโs haven. Here, you can observe species such as **whooper swans, black-necked cranes, bar-headed geese, ruddy shelducks, and egrets**. Big Sugan Lake is designated as a provincial-level migratory bird nature reserve. Early morning and late afternoon are the best times for birdwatching. You can use binoculars to watch birds swimming, playing, and soaring over the lake without disturbing them. The reserve has birdwatching platforms and boardwalks for visitorsโ convenience.
**2. Haizi Grassland Pastoral Song**
Sugan Lake is nestled within the Haizi Grassland. When visiting the lake, donโt just look at the waterโtake in the surrounding grasslands. This is the summer pasture of Kazakh herders, where you can experience the vastness of โthe endless sky, boundless wilderness, and the wind blowing the grass low to reveal cattle and sheep.โ If youโre lucky, you might meet warm Kazakh herders, experience their simple folk customs, and even enjoy a live Akyn singing performance.
**3. Photography**
Whether you are a professional photographer or a casual snapshooter, Sugan Lake will not disappoint. In your frame, youโll find blue skies, white clouds, the towering Altun Mountains, azure lake water, golden grasslands, and lively birdsโall perfectly blended. Especially after rain or at sunrise and sunset, the changing light creates breathtaking scenes where water and sky merge seamlessly.
4. Transportation and Accommodation Guide
**1. Transportation**
Sugan Lake is remote, and **self-driving is the best and almost the only way to get there**.
- **Route**: Depart from Jiuquan or Dunhuang, navigate to โSugan Lakeโ or โAksay Kazakh Autonomous County.โ The usual route is via the Lianhuo Expressway to Liuge Expressway, passing Dunhuang (or Aksay County), then along National Highway G215 toward Lenghu, and finally turning onto Provincial Road S305 to reach the lake.
- **Road Conditions**: Roads near the lake are mainly provincial or county roads. While generally in good condition, some sections are narrow and often crossed by herders or animals, so drive carefully. Vehicles with some off-road capability are recommended to handle possible unpaved roads.
**2. Accommodation and Dining**
- **Accommodation**: Since Sugan Lake is in the core area of a nature reserve, **lodging around the lake is very limited or closed to protect the environment**. It is recommended to stay in the **county seat of Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County**, which offers hotels of various standards with good facilities to meet visitorsโ needs.
- **Dining**: Food options near the lake are scarce, so **bring enough snacks and drinking water**. Back in Aksay County, you can enjoy authentic Kazakh cuisine such as hand-pulled meat, milk tea, and horse sausage.
5. Recommended Itineraries
**One-day tour**:
Depart from Aksay County โ Drive about 105 km (around 2 hours) to Sugan Lake โ Visit Small Sugan Lake first to enjoy the tranquility of the freshwater lake โ Travel along the grassland road to Big Sugan Lake โ Watch migratory birds at the birdwatching platform and take scenic photos โ Picnic on the grassland (please take all your trash with you) โ Drive back in the afternoon, stopping anytime to photograph the Haizi Grassland scenery โ Return to Aksay County for rest.
**Extended loop (Aksay East Line Tour)**:
If you have more time, include Sugan Lake in a larger eastern route: New Aksay County โ Big and Small Sugan Lakes โ Haizi Grassland โ Haerteng International Hunting Ground โ Turgan Daban Glacier Group.
6. Important Notes
1. **Ecological Protection is Everyoneโs Responsibility**: Sugan Lake is a national-level important wetland and migratory bird nature reserve with a fragile ecosystem. Please strictly follow reserve rules, do not disturb or capture birds, do not enter the core protected fenced areas, and **take all your trash with you**.
2. **High Altitude and Climate**: The lake area is about 2,800 meters above sea level. Although severe altitude sickness is uncommon, avoid strenuous exercise. The plateau climate is changeable with large temperature differences between day and nightโโwear a leather jacket in the morning and a light shirt at noonโ is no exaggeration. **Always bring a windbreaker or thick jacket**. Strong UV rays mean sunglasses, hats, and high-SPF sunscreen are essential.
3. **Supplies and Communication**: Before entering the lake area, fill up your gas tank and stock up on water and food in Aksay County. Mobile signals may be weak or unavailable in parts of the lake area, so download offline maps in advance and inform friends or family of your itinerary.
4. **Respect Local Customs**: The area around Sugan Lake is Kazakh herdersโ pastureland. Please respect local ethnic customs when taking photos or interacting.
The beauty of Sugan Lake lies in its originality and purity. Unlike popular tourist spots bustling with crowds, it has a healing power for the soul. When you quietly watch migratory birds take flight by the lake, gaze at the distant snow mountains, and feel the grass-scented breeze on the grassland, you will understand the true meaning of travel. Take this guide and go discover your own peaceful beauty in Northwest China.