**Quan Tha
**Quan Thanh Temple: A Historical and Cultural Gem of Hanoi**
**Overview**
Quan Thanh Temple (Đền Quán Thánh), also known as Tran Vu Temple, is one of Hanoi's oldest and most sacred Taoist temples. Established in the 11th century during the Ly Dynasty, it is part of the "Four Sacred Temples of Thang Long Citadel," guarding the northern entrance of the ancient capital. The temple is dedicated to **Huyen Thien Tran Vu** (Xuan Wu), the Taoist deity of the north, symbolized by a serpent and turtle. Located near West Lake at the intersection of Quan Thanh and Thanh Nien Streets, it remains a key spiritual and tourist site in Hanoi.
**Historical Significance**
- **Founding**: Built in 1010 under Emperor Ly Thai To to celebrate the relocation of Vietnam’s capital to Thang Long (modern Hanoi).
- **Sacred Role**: One of four temples (alongside Bach Ma, Kim Lien, and Voi Phuc) positioned to protect the city from malevolent spirits and invaders.
- **Renovations**: Restored multiple times, most notably in 1677 (when the iconic bronze statue was added) and 1893, blending Ly, Le, and Nguyen Dynasty architectural styles.
**Architecctural Highlights**
1. **Bronze Statue of Tran Vu**:
- Cast in 1677 by artisans from Ngũ Xã village, this 3.96-meter-tall, 3.6-ton black bronze statue depicts Tran Vu seated on a turtle, wielding a sword entwined by a serpent. It is Vietnam’s second-largest bronze statue and a masterpiece of 17th-century craftsmanship.
- The deity’s symbols—the turtle (protection) and serpent (wealth)—reflect Taoist and Vietnamese folklore traditions.
2. **Structural Features**:
- **Three-Gate Entrance**: Adorned with phoenixes and unicorns, typical of Nguyen Dynasty design.
- **Courtyard**: Shaded by a centuries-old banyan tree, with a brick oven for burning joss paper during festivals.
- **Ancient Artifacts**: Includes a 1.15-meter bronze bell, wood carvings of mythical creatures, and over 60 parallel poems in Chinese characters.
**Cultural and Spiritual Practices**
- **Festivals**: Locals visit during Tet (Lunar New Year) and on the 1st/15th lunar month days to pray for health, luck, and prosperity.
- **Syncretism**: Though Taoist, the temple integrates Buddhist and Confucian elements, reflecting Vietnam’s religious blending.
- **Martial Arts**: Hosts Vovinam classes, honoring Tran Vu’s association with martial prowess.
**Visitor Information**
- **Location**: 190 Quan Thanh Street, Ba Dinh District.
- **Hours**:
- Daily: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM.
- Extended hours on Tet Eve and lunar month days (6:00 AM – 8:00 PM).
- **Entry Fee**: 10,000 VND (adults); 5,000 VND (students/children).
- **Dress Code**: Modest attire covering shoulders and knees.
**Best Time to Visit**: Early morning for tranquility, or during Tet (January–February) for vibrant rituals.
**Nearby Attractions**
1. **Tran Quoc Pagoda**: Vietnam’s oldest pagoda, located on West Lake.
2. **Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum**: 1 km away, housing the embalmed leader.
3. **Temple of Literature**: Vietnam’s first university, dedicated to Confucius.
**Conclusion**
Quan Thanh Temple is a testament to Hanoi’s rich spiritual heritage and architectural ingenuity. Its iconic bronze statue, serene ambiance, and historical depth make it a must-visit for those exploring Vietnam’s cultural legacy. Whether admiring its artistry or participating in age-old rituals, the temple offers a profound glimpse into the soul of Hanoi.
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