Serbia

Belgrade is one of the oldest cities in Europe, where the Vinča culture flourished as early as 4800 BC. In the 3rd century BC, the Celts established a settlement called Singidunum, which was later occupied by the Roman Empire. During the medieval to modern periods, Belgrade changed hands multiple times, successively ruled by the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1521, Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent conquered Belgrade, making it the regional capital. In 1841, Belgrade once again became the capital of Serbia. Following Serbia's independence in 2006, it continues to serve as the nation's capital.